Accounts Recievables MCQs with Explanation
Explanation: The correct answer is (a).
Relevant accounting information is capable of making a difference in a decision by helping users to form predictions about the outcomes of past, present, and future events or to confirm or correct prior expectations. Recognizing a bad debt expense in the Income Statement and the corresponding decrease in Accounts Receivable balance in the Balance Sheet ensures that the Financial Statements contain all the information that is useful for decision making by the users.
Explanation: The correct answer is (c).
Accounts Receivable Turnover = Net Credit Sales / Average Accounts Receivable.
The Company has changed its payment terms by allowing longer payment period to credit customers (Increase in net credit period from 20 days to 30 days). This change would likely increase the denominator of Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio, average accounts receivable, and thus decrease the receivables turnover ratio.
Decrease in sales return will be having an impact of increasing the net credit sales, while writing off of the receivables and implementing a stricter credit policy will reduce the average amount of accounts receivable for the period. Increase in sales or decrease in average accounts receivable will increase the accounts receivable turnover ratio rather than decreasing it.
Explanation: The correct answer is (c).
A General Journal is used to record infrequent and non-cash transactions which cannot be recorded in the Special Journals. Bad debts, being a non-cash expense, the journal entry to record it is passed in the General journal.
Explanation: The correct answer is (d).
Explanation: The correct answer is (d).
Net sales revenue is the amount after deducting sales discounts and sales returns and allowances from gross sales revenue. Cost of goods sold is deducted from net sales revenue to arrive at gross profit.
Gross Sales Revenue – Sales Discounts – Sales returns and allowances
Explanation: The correct answer is (a).
Accounts receivable is defined as money owed to a company by its debtors. When a company sale goods on credit, it creates a current asset by the name of accounts receivable and book the corresponding revenue. When the cash is received, the asset is reversed.
Answers (b) and (d) are wrong because money owed by company to its creditors and vendors is termed as accounts payable and is classified as a current liability. Answer (c) is wrong because money owed to a company by its employees is termed as loan to employees and is classified as either current or non-current asset depending on the time period left for the recoverability of the loan.
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
In this credit term of 3/15, net 40, the figure 3 refers to the discount percentage allowed. Discount period is 15 days within which the creditor is required to pay the amount due in order to avail the discount. Total credit period allowed is represented by 40 days.
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
A trade discount is a reduction to the retail price of a product when the goods are sold by a manufacturer to a reseller rather than to the end customer. The reseller then charges the full retail price to its customers in order to earn a profit on the difference between the amount by which the manufacturer sold the product to it and the price at which it then sells the product to the final customer.
The terms cash discount and early payment discount are sometimes used interchangeably and they refer to the reduction in the amount of an invoice that the seller allows to the buyer. A volume discount applies when a customer reaches a certain amount of sales volume during the measurement period (typically a year).
Explanation: The correct answer is (d).
The correct formula for accounts receivable turnover ratio involves net credit sales (gross credit sales – sales returns – sales allowances) divided by average accounts receivable for the period. Average accounts receivable are calculated using the beginning and ending balance of accounts receivable for the period and dividing it by two.
Explanation: The correct answer is (c).
Sales allowance is a reduction in price offered to customers due to a defect in the sold products or services such as quality issues, shipment delays or incorrect prices charged. Sales discount is a reduction in price in exchange for early payment by the buyer and not due to any defect in the goods or services delivered. Provision for discount allowed is created by the company if it is offering sizeable discounts to customers and want to match the current period revenues with the corresponding expenses. Provision for doubtful debts is an estimated amount of bad debts that may arise from accounts receivable that are not yet collected.
Explanation: The correct answer is (c).
Accounts receivable collection period or days sales outstanding are calculated using the following formula:
Average Accounts Receivable / (Annual Net Credit Sales ÷ 365)
Average Accounts Receivable = opening + closing accounts receivables/2 = $45,000+$62,000/2= 53,500
Annual Net Credit Sales = Total sales – cash sales – sales returns – sales allowance
$300,000 – ($300,000*0.3) - $12,000 - $10,000 = $188,000
Hence,
Accounts receivable collection period = $53,500 / ($188,000 ÷ 365) = 104 days
Explanation: The correct answer is (d).
Accounts receivable collection period or days sales outstanding are calculated using the following formula:
Average Accounts Receivable / (Annual Net Credit Sales ÷ 365)
|
Date |
Particulars |
Debit |
Credit |
a |
31 Oct |
Bad debts expense |
$5,000 |
|
Allowance for doubtful debts |
|
$5,000 |
||
|
||||
b |
31 Oct |
Allowance for doubtful debts |
$5,000 |
|
Accounts Receivable |
|
$5,000 |
||
|
||||
c |
31 Oct |
Bad debts expense |
$5,000 |
|
Accounts Receivable |
|
$5,000 |
||
|
||||
d |
31 Oct |
Bad debts expense |
$5,000 |
|
Cash |
|
$5,000 |
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
When a company uses allowance for doubtful accounts method, bad debts expense is estimated and recognized in the period in which the relevant revenue is recognized by debiting “bad debt expense account” and crediting the “allowance for doubtful accounts” account. Later on, when it is confirmed that the accounts receivable is no longer collectible, the company debits the allowance for doubtful accounts and credit the accounts receivable.
Explanation: The correct answer is (d).
A company can estimate its bad debts using either of the above methods while accounting for bad debts expenses using the allowance for doubtful accounts method.
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
Allowance for doubtful accounts is a contra asset account. It is used to reduce the accounts receivable balance in balance sheet. Since asset accounts have a normal debit balance, thus allowance for doubtful accounts have a credit balance.
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
FOB stands for Free on board. Ownership of the goods are transferred from seller to the buyer at the time of shipment under the sale terms of FOB shipping point. FOB destination means that the ownership will be transferred to the buyer when the good will arrive at the buyer’s receiving dock. CIF stands for cost, insurance, freight. In a CIF agreement, insurance, freight and other costs are paid by the seller, with liability and costs associated with successful transit paid by the seller up until the goods are received by the buyer.
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
U.S. GAAP allows the allowance for doubtful accounts method for writing off of the uncollectible accounts receivable. Under the allowance method, the bad debt expense is reported closer to the time of the credit sale. A business uses a conservative estimate of the number of accounts receivable that won’t be paid, relying on the principle of conservatism, and deduct that amount as an allowance for doubtful accounts from accounts receivable. In this way, the accounts receivable are not overstated at the balance sheet.
Explanation: The correct answer is (a).
Allowance for doubtful accounts is a contra asset account. It is presented as a deduction from the accounts receivable on the company’s balance sheet.
|
Date |
Particulars |
Debit |
Credit |
a |
31 Oct |
Bad debts expense |
$5,000 |
|
Allowance for doubtful debts |
|
$5,000 |
||
|
||||
b |
31 Oct |
Allowance for doubtful debts |
$3,000 |
|
Bad debts expense |
|
$3,000 |
||
|
||||
c |
31 Oct |
Bad debts expense |
$2,000 |
|
Accounts Receivable |
|
$2,000 |
||
|
||||
d |
31 Oct |
Bad debts expense |
$2,000 |
|
Allowance for doubtful debts |
|
$2,000 |
Explanation: The correct answer is (d).
The allowance for doubtful accounts should have a credit balance of $5,000 at the end of October 31st 2015. It currently has $3,000 balance in it. Thus, the adjusting entry required to make the balance of $5,000 in allowance for doubtful accounts will be $2,000 debit to bad debts expense and $2,000 credit to allowance for doubtful accounts.
Explanation: The correct answer is (a).
An alternative term for allowance for doubtful accounts is the provision for doubtful debts.
Explanation: The correct answer is (d).
Under the allowance method for doubtful accounts, the entry to write off bad debts is a debit to the allowance account (a contra asset account to accounts receivable) and a credit to the accounts receivable; hence, no impact on the net receivable balance and no impact on cash flow statement.
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
The sale of accounts receivable of a company to a financing company at discount is known as factoring. Assignment of receivable means the use of receivables as a collateral security for obtaining loan.
Explanation: The correct answer is (c).
Allowance for doubtful accounts is a permanent account. It reports on the balance sheet the estimated amount of uncollectible accounts that are included in accounts receivable. Balance sheet accounts are almost always permanent accounts. Their balances are carry forwarded to the next accounting period. Temporary accounts, on the other hand are closed at the year end and their balances are reset to zero by transferring them to retained earnings through an income summary account.
Explanation: The correct answer is (c).
Trade receivables are current assets that represent the amounts billed by a business to its customers when it deliver goods or services to them in the ordinary course of business. Other options represent examples of non-trade receivables.
Explanation: The correct answer is (a).
Accounts receivable collection period or days sales outstanding are calculated by dividing 365 by the value of turnover ratio.
365 ÷ 5 = 73
Explanation: The correct answer is (a).
Let “C” and “S” represent the cost and selling price respectively and “r” be the percentage markup on cost (C*r). As we know that the sale price minus cost of goods sold is equal to gross profit.
Sales – Cost of sales = Gross Profit
S – C = Cr or
S = C + Cr or
S = C (1 + r)
S = 250,000 (1+0.25) = 312,500
Since, Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit ÷ sales * 100
Hence, Gross Profit Margin = 312,500 – 250,000 / 312,500 * 100 = 20%
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
If there is an increase in the accounts receivable during the year, we conclude that the company did not collect cash for all of the sales revenues shown on the income statement. Thus, it is viewed as negative for the company's cash position and is deducted from the net income in the operating activities section of the cash flow statement.
Explanation: The correct answer is (c).
ABC Corp. received $170,000 cash from its customers being total revenue of $200,000 less the increase in accounts receivable of $30,000. The increase in accounts receivable means that the company received less in cash than it reported as revenue.
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
|
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
Accounts Receivable collection period |
35 days |
32 days |
28 days |
Based on this data what is the most likely conclusion that can be drawn?
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
Increase in accounts receivable collection period deteriorates the liquidity position of the company as the company is taking a longer time to convert its accounts receivable in to cash. Answer (c) is wrong because poor management of accounts receivable collection period leads to erosion of profits due to unpredicted cash inflows and increase in bad debts. Answer (d) is wrong because accounts receivable collection period is showing an increasing trend which indicates that the company is following a lenient credit policy.
|
Date |
Particulars |
Debit |
Credit |
a |
8 Jan |
Cash |
$12,000 |
|
Sales Discount |
|
$1,200 |
||
Accounts Receivable |
|
$10,800 |
||
|
||||
b |
8 Jan |
Cash |
$10,800 |
|
Sales Discount |
$1,200 |
|
||
Accounts Receivable |
|
$12,000 |
||
|
||||
c |
8 Jan |
Cash |
$11,760 |
|
Sales Discount |
$240 |
|
||
Accounts Receivable |
|
$12,000 |
||
|
||||
d |
8 Jan |
Accounts Receivable |
$11,760 |
|
Sales Discount |
|
$240 |
||
Cash |
|
$12,000 |
Explanation: The correct answer is (c).
The customer has paid the invoice within the discount period of 10 days and thus has availed the benefit of 2% discount on invoice amount of $12,000. The company will record the cash received less discount allowed as an asset and will record the discount allowed of 2% as a deduction from sales in the income statement. Accounts receivable will be reversed by crediting the account with original invoice amount.
Explanation: The correct answer is (c).
Aging analysis is used to estimate bad debt expenses under the allowance for doubtful accounts method.
Explanation: The correct answer is (d).
Allowance for doubtful accounts is a contra accounts receivable balance. Accounts receivable, being asset, has a normal debit balance. Hence, if allowance for doubtful accounts is reported on company’s balance sheet then it must either carry a zero or credit balance. An allowance for doubtful accounts that appear on company’s balance sheet cannot have a debit balance.
|
Date |
Particulars |
Debit |
Credit |
A |
*** |
Accounts receivable |
$*** |
|
Allowance for doubtful debts |
|
$*** |
||
|
||||
B |
*** |
Cash |
$*** |
|
Bad debts expense |
|
$*** |
||
|
||||
C |
*** |
Cash |
$*** |
|
Accounts Receivable |
|
$*** |
||
|
||||
D |
*** |
Bad debts expense |
$*** |
|
Allowance for doubtful debts |
|
$*** |
Explanation: The correct answer is (d).
When a bad debt is recovered, two journal entries are required. One entry is required to reverse the write off of the bad debt which is represented by entry A. The second entry is required to record the collection of cash represented by entry C.
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
U.S Income tax laws allow only the direct write off method for reporting losses on accounts receivables.
Explanation: The correct answer is (c).
Bad debts expense is not part of balance sheet rather it is reported in income statement. Accounts receivable is a current asset and is reported in balance sheet. While allowance for doubtful accounts is a contra accounts receivable account and is also reported in balance sheet.
Explanation: The correct answer is (a).
Bad debts expense being an expense item has a debit balance. It is a temporary account and its balance is transferred to retained earnings through an income summary account at the year end.
Explanation: The correct answer is (b).
Bad debts expense relates to selling of goods and services in a business. When a business make a sale on credit, it records an accounts receivable in balance sheet and a corresponding revenue in income statement. If the buyer subsequently do not make the payment, the business records a bad debt expense under selling and administrative expense classification in income statement. The businesses also can make an estimate of bad debt expenses and report them in income statement under the selling and administrative expense classification.
Explanation: The correct answer is (d).
In case of reduction in doubtful debts account, the allowance account is debited and a corresponding increase is recorded in net income for the year, being the reversal of bad debt expense previously recorded. An increase in net income will increase the retained earnings balance in the equity section of the balance sheet.
Explanation: The correct answer is (c).
First calculate the accounts receivable turnover from the above data. Turnover is 15.20 (365/DSO) (365/24) for the year ended 31st October 2015 and is targeted to be 20.27 (365/18) for the next year. The average accounts receivable balance for current year is 13,157 (Sales ÷ turnover) ($200,000 / 15.20) and 12,333 ($250,000 / 20.27) for the next year. The change in receivables that must occur is a decrease of $824 ($13,157 - $12,333).